Polar Middle Atmosphere Responses to the G5-Level Geomagnetic Storm of May 2024

In this study, we research the atmospheric responses in the polar middle atmospheres in the Southern hemisphere during the 5-level geomagnetic storm of May 2024. The measurements are used for the temperature, ozone, and chlorine monoxide observed by the MLS instruments. We show the immediate ozone reduction and temperature changes in the polar mesosphere and the ozone and temperature changes until 50 geographic latitudes. Also, we identify responses of HNO3 and ClO in the polar lower stratosphere, affected by downward transport enhanced by the strongest storm. Our results provide an analysis that can estimate how responsive the polar middle atmosphere is during the strongest geomagnetic storm event.