Mutual Evolution Plasma Density and Temperature within Super EPBs

Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) are one of the most severe space weather phenomena that occur in the ionosphere causing high levels of radio scintillation, which can degrade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. Due to the increasing use of satellite communication and navigation technology, it is essential to understand the characteristics and space weather impact of EPBs. Recently, EPBs have been suggested to be able to extend towards midlatitudes and are called ‘Super EPBs’; these have the potential to cause major GNSS problems at the midlatitudes, such as deep into the US, which are not generally plagued with high scintillation levels. We present a multi-event analysis exploring the properties and growth of Super EPBs using SWARM, GOLD, and DMSP data and study the mutual evolution of density and temperature of the EPB. We found that the plasma temperature increases inside of the depletion region when the EPB rotates to the sunlit region at dawn. We conduct a robust investigation of the occurrence of these Super EPB dawn events, their properties, and the background geomagnetic conditions and present a holistic view of these events aiding in our understanding of Super EPBs as a whole.