Madden-Julian Oscillation Influence on Ionospheric Tides: Insights from COSMIC-2, SABER, and TIEGCM Simulations

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability in the tropical troposphere, influences tidal activity in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) and extends its impact into the F-region ionosphere. COSMIC-2 GIS electron density data reveal that MJO modulates the non-migrating diurnal tide (DE3) by ~15% and the migrating diurnal tide (DW1) by 2-5%, with notable effects on other tidal components. SABER MLT temperature tides show no time lag with COSMIC-2 electron density tides, indicating E-region dynamo coupling as the primary mechanism, though other factors may contribute. TIEGCM simulations with and without MJO at the lower boundary, using tides from SD-WACCM-X, help evaluate the roles of plasma advection, photochemistry, and the E-region dynamo in F-region dynamics. These findings highlight the significant role of tropospheric weather patterns in shaping ionospheric space weather.