Turbulence-Coupled Electrodynamics of the MY 34 Global Dust Storm on Mars

We model dust-driven electrification in the Martian atmosphere during the Martian Year 34 global dust storm using Mars Climate Database fields and a physics-based triboelectric framework. The results show that dust lifting and turbulence enhance charge separation, reduce conductivity, and intensify near-surface electric fields, especially in low- and mid-latitude dusty regions. Ohmic dissipation and the ratio Ez/Eb identify where and when the atmosphere comes closest to electrical breakdown. We also introduce a global spectral framework linking discharge-scale processes to orbit-detectable signatures. These results provide a data-constrained picture of storm-time Martian electrification and breakdown potential.