GNSS Smartphone Capabilities Across Ionospheric Spatio-Temporal Scales

Dual-frequency GNSS-enabled Android smartphones offer new opportunities for ionospheric monitoring. While smartphone pseudorange TEC has been successfully leveraged on a global scale, carrier-phase TEC from individual devices remains underexplored. This study demonstrates smartphone-derived TEC variations across different spatio-temporal scales. During the 2024 total solar eclipse, smartphone TEC closely matched reference receivers, capturing large-scale (km, minutes) ionospheric disturbances. In Alaska, smartphone TEC fluctuations correlated with auroral brightness, revealing fine-scale (meters, seconds) ionospheric dynamics. These findings highlight smartphones as effective ionospheric monitoring tools. Future work will leverage citizen science in Alaska to provide high-rate TEC observations in auroral regions with limited GNSS infrastructure.