3D XMHD Modeling of Equatorial Spread F

We present recent advances in a 3D Extended Magnetohydrodynamic (XMHD) solver specifically optimized for simulating Equatorial Spread F (ESF) irregularities. The solver is developed within a Finite Volume Method framework and employs a variety of numerical techniques, including Rusanov Flux computation, Total Variation diminishing, and hybrid Implicit-Explicit time stepping scheme. In order to enhance physical fidelity, the model incorporates neutral winds, neutral and coulomb collisions, and a magnetic dipole coordinate system. Furthermore, the solver tracks the independent evolution of electron and ion temperatures, thus providing a more detailed thermodynamic insights into plasma instabilities. The solver is also fully electromagnetic so we can capture the excitation of Alfven waves within plasma bubbles. Simulation results successfully recover the nonlinear ESF evolution, including the formation of plasma plumes, and temperature fluctuations within rising bubbles. This 3D XMHD solver provides a robust tool for investigating plasma irregularities and related ionospheric phenomena.